Calcium Mass Number

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The number of neutrons can vary, but the number of protons must always be equal to 20 for a calcium isotope. Therefore, the mass number of this calcium isotope will be mass number = A = 20 protons+ 20 neutrons = 40. Name: Calcium: Symbol: Ca: Atomic Number: 20: Atomic Mass: 40.078 atomic mass units: Number of Protons: 20: Number of Neutrons: 20: Number of Electrons: 20: Melting Point. As an example, calcium carbonate is 40% elemental calcium, so 1,250 milligrams (mg) of calcium carbonate contains 500 mg of elemental calcium. Be sure to note the serving size (number of tablets) when determining how much calcium is in one serving. The number of neutrons can vary, but the number of protons must always be equal to 20 for a calcium isotope. Therefore, the mass number of this calcium isotope will be mass number = A = 20 protons+ 20 neutrons = 40.

  1. Calcium Mass Number 42
  2. Calcium 41 Mass Number
  3. Calcium Mass Number And Atomic Number
  4. Calcium Mass Number 42
  5. Magnesium Mass Number
  6. Calcium Mass Number And Atomic Number
IsotopeAtomic mass (Da)Isotopic abundance (amount fraction)
40Ca39.962 5909(2)0.969 41(156)
42Ca 41.958 618(1)0.006 47(23)
43Ca 42.958 766(2)0.001 35(10)
44Ca 43.955 482(2)0.020 86(110)
46Ca 45.953 69(2)0.000 04(3)
48Ca 47.952 5229(6)0.001 87(21)

In 1983, the Commission with its liberalized policy on uncertainties,was able to recommend as standard atomic weight Ar(Ca) = 40.078(4) weighted toward the mass-spectrometricmeasurements. Moreover, the stated uncertainty includes all chemical,x-ray, and mass-spectrometric measurements believed to be significant by the Commission, as enumerated inits 1983 report.

There is evidence for minor isotope fractionation of calcium in Nature, causing variability ofAr(Ca) in normal sources that is within the uncertainty of the standard atomic weight. Variations inn(44Ca)/n(40Ca) can be reported as δ44Ca values relative to the calcium carbonate reference materialNIST-SRM 915a. A recent compilation yielded a range of published δ44Ca values in naturalsamples from a low of -2.17 ‰ in a cougar bone with Ar(Ca) = 40.0778 to a high of +2.76 ‰ in egg white with Ar(Ca) = 40.0784.Elemental calcium with as δ44Ca = -6.0 ‰ (Ar(Ca) = 40.0773) also has beenreported. Variations in the isotopic composition of marine calcium have occurred over the last 80 Ma.

In addition, there are many reports of anomalous isotopic composition of some minor samples of Ca, some of which may have arisen from the decay of 40K to 40Ca. The annotation 'g' is therefore maintained for this element. 41Ca is an extinct radioisotope (with a half-life of 0.1 Ma), which can be used to date the early history of the solar system through itsdecay to 41K.

SOURCEAtomic weights of the elements: Review 2000 by John R de Laeter et al. Pure Appl. Chem. 2003 (75) 683-800
© IUPAC 2003

CIAAW

Calcium Mass Number 42

Calcium
Ar(Ca) = 40.078(4) since 1983
The name derives from the Latin calx for 'lime' (CaO) or 'limestone' (CaCO3) in which it was found.It was first isolated by British chemist Humphry Davy in 1808 with help from the Swedish chemist JönsJacob Berzelius and the Swedish court physician M. M. af Pontin.

Isotopic reference materials of calcium.

Affiliated: Normal Calcium Levels | High Calcium | Normocalcemic Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Causes of High Calcium Levels in the Blood

High calcium levels or high blood calcium levels

What to do if your blood calcium level is high
The finding of a high blood calcium level is very common, occurring in millions of Americans each year. Sometimes, this will just be a single event related to a laboratory error or being dehydrated on the day the lab was drawn.

Calcium 41 Mass Number

However, quite frequently a high blood calcium level will mean that there is an important underlying problem.In general, the first thing to do is re-check the level to confirm it.

Calcium Mass Number And Atomic Number

This is common sense. For example, if you heard a strange noise in your car, you would certainly listen for it again the next time you drove to double check if it was a real problem, right? You will see that in these pages we will frequently ask that you use common sense, as using your instincts or “gut feeling” is a good way to avoid being misled by biased or inaccurate information on the web. See Getting started: a word of caution regarding medical information on the internet.

If your blood calcium level is high on more than one occasion, then it is probably time to get more serious about finding out why this is happening.

Causes of high blood calcium levels include:

  1. Primary hyperparathyroidism. This is the most common cause of high blood calcium levels. People with primary hyperparathyroidism usually have a benign tumor of the parathyroid glands (see What are the parathyroid glands? Regulation of calcium in the human body) causing excessive amounts of calcium to leave the bone and enter the blood.
  2. Malignancy (cancer). This is the second most common cause of high blood calcium levels, and has nothing to do with the parathyroid glands. Types of cancer that cause hypercalcemia of malignancy include cancers of the lung, breast, esophagus, mouth, tongue, lip, kidney, ovary, uterus, and cervix. Blood-borne cancers such as lymphoma and multiple myeloma can also cause high calcium levels. Thankfully, hypercalcemia of malignancy is uncommon and generally not worth worrying about in most healthy people. (Really, please don’t worry. Kindly read on.)
  3. Thiazide diuretics. Thiazide diuretics are a class of medicines that are commonly used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). They cause the kidney to “hold on” to calcium, preventing it from exiting in the urine and thereby increasing the blood calcium level slightly. Examples of thiazide diuretics are: hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), chlorothiazide, chlorothalidone, indapamide, and metolazone.
  4. Kidney disease, also known as renal failure or chronic renal failure. High blood calcium levels can be found in people with slow or reduced kidney function, including those on dialysis and those who have had a kidney transplant.
  5. Other rare causes, such as:
  • Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH), also known as benign familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (BFHH) since it is associated with normal health. This is a rare inherited trait characterized by a slightly high blood calcium level.
  • Milk-alkali syndrome, or taking too much calcium by mouth. Many antacids are calcium salts. In the past, people with stomach ulcers would treat themselves by drinking lots of milk and taking lots (fistfuls) of calcium salt antacids, thereby raising the blood calcium level. This is very rare now, since powerful non-calcium-based antacids have become available over the counter.
  • Thyroid disease, such as hypothyroidism (too little thyroid hormone) and hyperthyroidism (too much thyroid hormone). The thyroid gland is a neighbor to the parathyroid glands but has a completely separate function. The thyroid gland governs metabolism, or how fast the cells in your body work. In rare cases of severe thyroid disease, blood calcium levels can become imbalanced.
  • Hypervitaminosis D, or too much vitamin D (See Vitamin D). In rare circumstances, people can receive toxic levels of vitamin D leading to high blood calcium. There have been a few interesting outbreaks of this related to errors in fortifying milk (see references below).
  • There are a few more rare causes of high blood calcium levels but we have decided to leave them out because they are so very rare as to barely be worth mentioning. So please note that this is not a complete list.

Primary hyperparathyroidism is the most common cause of high blood calcium levels (Figure 1).

This pie chart shows the most common causes of chronically elevated blood calcium levels, meaning when the calcium test is high more than once over several months.

Calcium

Calcium Mass Number 42

Classical primary hyperparathyroidism is diagnosed when both the calcium level and the parathyroid hormone (PTH) level are above the normal range (calcium >10.5 mg/dL and PTH >65 pg/mL).

Non-classical primary hyperparathyroidism is diagnosed when the calcium level is elevated and the PTH level remains higher than it should be, given what the calcium level is (calcium >10.5 mg/dL and PTH 21-65 pg/mL, this is also known as an inappropriately normal PTH level – see Establishing the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism). Other causes of high blood calcium are listed above and most commonly refer to hypercalcemia of malignancy (high blood calcium levels due to cancer elsewhere in the body as described above) and use of thiazide diuretics. Patients with “possible primary hyperparathyroidism” in the pie chart are those in whom the PTH level was never checked; however all of the other causes of high calcium were ruled out. Please note that renal failure (chronic kidney disease) can also cause high blood calcium levels but those patients were excluded from this analysis.

To summarize, about 90% of patients whose blood calcium levels are found to be high more than once have some form of primary hyperparathyroidism. If this has happened to you or a family member, you may wish to have the parathyroid hormone (PTH) level checked. A high or inappropriately normal PTH level will frequently establish the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism (see Establishing the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism). A low PTH level will suggest other causes of high blood calcium levels.

Magnesium Mass Number

Where does this information come from?

The pie chart contains data derived from approximately 3.5 million Americans who receive care from a vertically-integrated health maintenance organization in California. The population studied is similar in size to the population of the state of Ohio. Through this unique research collaboration, UCLA Endocrine Surgery has been able to study both high blood calcium levels and primary hyperparathyroidism in a completely new way, looking at large, racially diverse populations in great detail with respect to their health outcomes (see How successful is parathyroid surgery?).

References

Calcium Mass Number And Atomic Number

  1. Lafferty FW. Differential diagnosis of hypercalcemia. J Bone Miner Res. 1991 Oct;6 Suppl 2:S51-9; discussion S61. Review. PubMed PMID: 1763670.
  2. Stewart AF. Clinical practice. Hypercalcemia associated with cancer. N Engl J Med. 2005 Jan 27;352(4):373-9. Review. PubMed PMID: 15673803.
  3. Varghese J, Rich T, Jimenez C. Benign familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia.Endocr Pract. 2011 Mar-Apr;17 Suppl 1:13-7. Review. PubMed PMID: 21478088.
  4. Blank S, Scanlon KS, Sinks TH, Lett S, Falk H. An outbreak of hypervitaminosis D associated with the overfortification of milk from a home-delivery dairy. Am J Public Health. 1995 May;85(5):656-9. PubMed PMID: 7733425; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1615443.
  5. Yeh MW, Haigh PI, Ituarte PH, Liu IL, Zhou H, Nishimoto S, Dell RM, Adams AL. Incidence and prevalence of primary hyperparathyroidism in a racially mixed population. Manuscript in preparation.